Nitrates
Nitrates are the end product of the breakdown of ammonia. It would be more worrying if Nitrates were not present in the water as this would tend to suggest that the filter is not functioning correctly. High levels of nitrates aren’t generally harmful to fish,...
Oxygenation
Surface area is all important to the oxygenation of the pond water. Aeration increases the surface area of water that comes into contact with the air. In warm temperatures, the amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water decreases. At the same time, fish are more...
Chlorine & Chloramines
Chlorine (Cl) is a gas which is added to municipal water systems to control harmful bacteria. In the United States, if you don’t have a water well on your property, you probably pay for chlorinated water. Test kits are rarely owned by the pond hobbyist because...
